Investigating the Evolution of the Mountain Symbol and Form in Persian Miniature

This article deals with the importance of the evolution of mountains in Iranian painting from the point of view of form and symbol. From the Mongol period and the height of painting to the end of the Safavid period, mountains as a natural element have had different forms and had meanings and symbols. The trend of mountain shapes from the Mongol period to the Qajar period includes the transformation to private. Mountains have undergone changes in terms of concepts, textures, layering of mountains, as well as simple or complex lines, which can be seen with the existing surveys. The results show that the mountain has a special place in most of the paintings for conveying feelings as well as subjects. By covering a large amount of the frame, the mountain conveys its theme in the form of background and coloring and the use of relevant forms.