International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Educational Research (IJMER)

“Supporting our Lost Boys”: A Research on Gender-based Science Education’s Hidden Curriculum in Malaysia

E-ISSN: 6575-5565

P-ISSN: 3427-2556

DOI: https://iigdpublishers.com/article/1557

Malaysia has had tremendous success in increasing women participation in science-related fields by diffusing empowering values into the formal school curricula. A subliminal effect of these female empowerment campaigns, however, is that male students are beginning to lag behind in science education, giving rise to the phenomenon known as "The Lost Boys." In light of the potential for a hidden curriculum to support gender-sensitive or gender-responsive science education, this research was aimed at exploring the hidden curriculum in science education and its impact on boys in science education. This research used the classical Delphi method involving 84 experts, whereby two rounds of questionnaires and one round of qualitative commentaries were used to gather information from a group of experts. Gender-biased notions were found in science education’s hidden curriculum, including the proliferation of feminist messages through outside classroom activities, the lack of gender awareness in teaching and training, and the centering of female mentoring in the field. This research further recommends strategies to explicitly address gender-biased issues in science education’s hidden curriculum to benefit both female and male students’ participation in science. It is hoped that this research serves as a guide for policy makers, school leaders and teachers to achieve gender equity in science education.

Keyword(s) Gender, Gender Equity, Science Education, Hidden Curriculum, Delphi Methodology.
About the Journal VOLUME: 9, ISSUE: 3 | September 2026
Quality GOOD

Nurfarahin NASRI, Nik Mohd RAHIMI, Harwati HASHIM & Nurfaradilla Mohamad NASRI

Abroampa, W. K. (2020). The Hidden Curriculum and the Development of Latent Skills: The Praxis. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 9(2), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v9n2p70 


Achyut P., Bhatla N., Verma H., Uttamacharya, Singh G., Bhattacharya S. and Verma R. (2016). Towards gender equality: The GEMS journey thus far. New Delhi, International Center for Research on Women. https://www.icrw.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/GEMS-reportJharkhand.pdf 


Agoma, A. (2023). Old Stand-up Comedy, Orality, Subject Matter and the New Media: A Study of Alibaba’s 2016 January 1st Concert Performance. Ama: Journal Of Theatre And Cultural Studies, 14(1). 


Agoma, A. (2023). SOLO PERFORMANCE AND THE RESTRUCTURING OF THE THEATRE CURRICULUM: A STUDY OF TUNJI SOTIMIRIN’S PERFORMANCE IN SOLO AFRICA. Ama: Journal Of Theatre And Cultural Studies, 15(1). 


Agoma, A. (2025). Writing Solo Plays in Nigerian Theatre: Using Sotimirin’s Molue, Mbajiorgu’s The Prime Minister’s Son, and Binebai’s Karina’s Cross as Paradigms. Abuja Journal of Humanities, 6(2), 370-384. 


Agoma, A. (2026). Solo Performance and the Superfluity of Facial Make-Up: A Study of Ipe, as Performed by Daniel Olamide, and Molue, as Performed by Tunji Sotimirin. Abuja Journal of Humanities, 7(1), 211-223. 


Alan, S., Ertac, S., & Mumcu, I. (2018). Gender stereotypes in the classroom and effects on achievement. Review of Economics and Statistics, 100(5), 876-890. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00756 


Niederberger, M., & Spranger, J. (2020). Delphi technique in health sciences: a map. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 457. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00457 


Park, H., Behrman, J. R., & Choi, J. (2018). Do single-sex schools enhance students’ STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) outcomes?. Economics of Education Review, 62, 35-47. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.econedurev.2017.10.007 


Puteh, F., & Mohamad, N. (2018). Leadership and gender in the public sector: The mediating effect of job satisfaction. Journal of Administrative Science, 15(2), 99-117. https://jas.uitm.edu.my/images/2018_DEC/JAS8.pdf 


Sabbe, E., & Aelterman, A. (2007). Gender in teaching: A literature review. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 13(5), 521-538. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/13540600701561729 


Saffie, N. A. M., & Rasmani, K. A. (2016, July 24-27). Fuzzy delphi method: Issues and challenges. In 2016 International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS) (pp. 1-7). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/LISS.2016.7854490 


Sáinz, M., Solé, J., Fàbregues, S., & García-Cuesta, S. (2021). Secondary School Teachers’ Views of Gender Differences in School Achievement and Study Choices in Spain. SAGE Open, 11(3), 21582440211047573. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211047573 

article