Assessment of Mining Activities, Regulatory Compliance, and Environmental Impacts in Nasarawa Local Government Area, Nigeria

This study examines the dynamics of mining activities in Nasarawa Local Government Area (LGA), Nigeria, with a specific focus on the extraction of lithium and mica minerals critical to the global electronics and renewable energy sectors. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach involving Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping, field surveys, and stakeholder interviews, the research identifies key mining sites including Farin Dutse, Gidan Kwano, Agogana, Over Sea, and Opa. The research evaluates the effectiveness of existing regulatory frameworks, the level of compliance among operators, and the resultant environmental footprints. Findings reveal a stark dichotomy in compliance; while formal companies largely adhere to licensing requirements, the informal artisanal sector demonstrates weak enforcement of environmental standards, particularly regarding land reclamation and hazardous chemical use. Significant environmental degradation, including deforestation (20% of respondents' primary concern), water pollution (18%), and soil erosion (15%), was identified. The study concludes that the economic potential of Nasarawa’s mineral belt is being undermined by unsustainable practices and recommends enhanced regulatory enforcement, capacity building for artisanal miners, and the adoption of cleaner technologies to ensure long-term regional prosperity.