Vulnerability and Adaptation: Analyzing the Effects of Flood on Agrarian Communities in Ibaji Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria

This study analyzes the effects of flood on agricultural practices in Ibaji Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria. The research examines the frequency, severity, and impacts of flooding on agricultural production within the region. Utilizing a mixed-method approach involving 200 respondents, findings indicate that flood is a recurrent and escalating phenomenon, with 58% of respondents experiencing annual flood events and 51% classifying recent floods as very severe. Approximately 47.5% of farmers reported an increase in both the frequency and severity of floods over the past five years. The impacts on agricultural production are profound, with staple crops such as rice (74.5%), maize (58.5%), and vegetables (47.5%) most affected. Crop losses were substantial; 36% of respondents reported losses between 51–75%, resulting in significant declines in household income (74%) and widespread soil degradation through waterlogging and erosion. Although adaptive strategies such as crop diversification and early planting are employed, their effectiveness is limited, and institutional support remains inadequate (73.5% reported no external support). The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive flood management interventions, policy reforms, and infrastructural development to build resilience and ensure agricultural sustainability.