Impact of Stocking Density on Productivity of Broiler

Stocking density (SD) is a critical factor influencing broiler performance, carcass quality, and welfare. This review examines current research on the effects of various SDs in broiler production systems. High SDs, although economically attractive, often compromise feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) due to overcrowding, competition, and elevated stress. In contrast, lower SDs (24–30 kg/m²) consistently support better growth performance, efficient feed utilization, and healthier carcass profiles. Beyond productivity, high SDs are linked to welfare concerns including footpad dermatitis, hock burns, breast blisters, and elevated stress indicators. Carcass and giblet yields are also diminished at higher densities. While mortality rates are not always significantly different, excessively high densities (>40 kg/m²) tend to increase early mortality and injury risk. Overall, the review highlights the importance of optimizing SD to balance productivity and welfare. Adopting low to moderate SDs (30– 35 kg/m²) is recommended for sustainable, ethical broiler production. These findings offer practical insights for producers, veterinarians, and policymakers.