Concordats as Instrument of Diplomacy: The Holy See’s Bilateral Strategy in Sub-Saharan Africa

Concordats have long served as a pivotal instrument in the Holy See’s diplomatic arsenal, enabling the Catholic Church to negotiate legal, political, and religious privileges within sovereign states. This article examines the strategic deployment of concordats by the Holy See in Sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting their role in advancing the Church’s religious, social, and diplomatic objectives. It explores the historical evolution of concordats, their legal frameworks, and their significance in facilitating Church-state collaboration, particularly in areas of education, social services, and moral influence. The study also investigates how these bilateral agreements navigate the complex political and cultural landscapes of Sub-Saharan African countries, often serving as mechanisms for both ecclesiastical protection and international legitimacy. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from liberalism and transformation theory, the article analyzes the effectiveness, limitations, and ethical considerations of concordats as tools of diplomacy. Findings indicate that while concordats provide the Holy See with institutional leverage and foster societal engagement, their implementation often encounters challenges related to state sovereignty, local political dynamics, and societal pluralism. The research underscores the enduring relevance of concordats in contemporary diplomacy and offers insights into their potential as instruments of both religious influence and intercultural dialogue.